海洋粘土沉积物的组成及其增白试验     

田春燕  张培萍  马丽艳  石学法  吕华华  于德利 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,36(1):142-147

为了海洋粘土的开发应用,利用FTIR和XRD衍射对其进行了矿物成分分析。结果表明,海洋粘土样品中粘土矿物含量较高,其主要矿物组成为伊/蒙混层和伊利石并含有少量其它矿物,同时证实样品中有磁铁矿和赤铁矿存在。粘土沉积物的化学成分分析显示,粘土中Fe2O3质量分数较高,约为7%。采用酸溶氢气还原法对东太平洋的粘土样品进行了化学增白试验,并探讨了酸种类及其浓度、药剂用量、反应时间、煅烧温度等因素对除铁增白效果的影响,优选出最佳除铁增白方案,使海洋粘土的白度由原来的23.8%提高到73.1%。另外,对增白前后样品的粒度、比表面积和分散性的测试表明,在增白的同时样品的活性也得到了提高。  相似文献   

Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies     

Yan XIA  Yongyun HU  Jiankai ZHANG  Fei XIE  Wenshou TIAN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1723-1736

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February–April, and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity. Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific. Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity, colder Arctic vortex, and lower Arctic ozone. These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances, severe Arctic ozone loss could form again, as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.  相似文献   

1981—2018年中国东北地区秋冬季霾日变化及其与北极海冰的关系     

王迪  王震  李岚  孙丽  孟鑫  肖楠舒  杨东军 《气象与环境学报》2022,38(4):67-75

利用中国东北地区1981—2018年166个地面气象观测站资料, 定义了中国东北地区秋冬季霾日指数, 分析了年际尺度上该地区霾日数与同期大气环流异常的内在关系。结果表明: 中国东北地区秋冬季霾日指数存在显著的年际变化特征, 欧亚—太平洋遥相关型(Eurasia-Pacific Teleconnection Pattern, EUP)负位相、东亚大槽偏弱等大气环流异常配置导致中国东北地区秋冬季霾的发生频次增加。巴伦支海与喀拉海北部海域是影响中国东北地区秋冬季霾日年际变化的海冰关键区, 该区域海冰面积与霾日数呈显著负相关, 北极海冰通过改变大气环流间接影响中国东北地区秋冬季霾日发生频次, 当北极海冰异常偏少时, 东亚冬季风偏弱, 近地面风速偏低, 环境湿度偏高, 中国东北地区受东北亚异常反气旋西侧的异常偏南风控制, 且受“EUP”负位相模态影响, 东亚大槽减弱, 有利于大气污染物和水汽向中国东北地区输送, 该地区秋冬季霾的发生频次增加。  相似文献   

Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Variation of the Western Edge of theWestern North Pacific Subtropical High During Early Summer and the Influenceof Tropical Sea Surface Temperature     

詹鸿宇  陈锐丹  蓝铭 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):57-70

This study reveals that the interannual variability of the western edge of the western North Pacific (WNP) subtropical high (WNPSH) in early summer experienced an interdecadal decrease around 1990. Correspondingly, the zonal movement of the WNPSH and the zonal extension of the high-pressure anomaly over the WNP (WNPHA) in abnormal years possess smaller ranges after 1990. The different influences of the tropical SSTAs are important for this interdecadal change, which exhibit slow El Ni?o decaying pattern before 1990 while rapid transformation from El Ni?o to La Ni?a after 1990. The early summer tropical SSTAs and the relevant atmospheric circulation anomalies present obvious interdecadal differences. Before 1990, the warm SSTAs over the northern Indian Ocean and southern South China Sea favor the WNPHA through eastward-propagating Kelvin wave and meridional-vertical circulation, respectively. Meanwhile, the warm SSTA over the tropical central Pacific induces anomalous ascent to its northwest through the Gill response, which could strengthen the anomalous descent over the WNP through meridional-vertical circulation and further favor the eastward extension of the WNPHA to central Pacific. After 1990, the warm SSTAs over the Maritime Continent and northern Indian Ocean cause the WNPHA through meridional-vertical and zonal-vertical circulation, respectively. Overall, the anomalous warm SSTs and ascent and the resultant anomalous descent over the WNP are located more westward and southward after 1990 than before 1990. Consequently, the WNPHA features narrower zonal range and less eastward extension after 1990, corresponding to the interdecadal decease in the interannual variability of the western edge of the WNPSH. On the other hand, the dominant oscillation period of ENSO experienced an interdecadal reduction around 1990, contributing to the change of the El Ni?o SSTA associated with the anomalous WNPSH from slow decaying type to rapid transformation type.  相似文献   

全球多源海冰密集度融合资料研制试验     

张雷  徐宾  廖志宏  师春香  徐梅  孙玫玲 《气象学报》2021,79(4):703-715

为了发展一套全球多源海冰密集度逐日融合资料,以欧洲气象卫星应用组织（EUMETSAT）海洋海冰应用中心（OSI SAF）海冰密集度数据、中国国家卫星气象中心（NSMC）的MWRI和VIRR全球海冰密集度数据、美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC）的NISE海冰密集度数据、美国国家冰中心（NIC）的IMS北半球海冰数据为观测数据源,以ERA-Interim模式数据为背景场,采用以下方案开展融合试验。首先,对各数据源资料进行质量控制;其次,以OSI SAF海冰密集度数据为基准,采用概率密度函数（PDF）匹配方法订正其他卫星资料的系统误差;然后,根据订正后的误差生成超级观测场;最后,利用STMAS方法将超级观测场和作为背景场的ERA-Interim海冰密集度数据进行融合,生成全球逐日0.25°分辨率海冰密集度融合试验数据。通过与国际广泛使用的OISST、OSTIA海冰密集度数据对比,评估融合试验产品的质量。结果表明:融合方案中的PDF方法通过调整非基准资料的概率密度分布,实现非基准资料和基准资料概率密度分布一致,从而使3种海冰密集度卫星资料系统误差均显著减小;STMAS方法能够将超级观测场和背景场进行有效融合,生成融合试验产品;风云卫星数据的使用提高了融合数据生产的自主可控能力;同时,融合方案考虑了卫星数据源的时效性、获取的稳定性等因素。融合产品与OISST和OSTIA海冰密集度数据的空间分布在南、北极均高度吻合,相关系数均超过0.985,与OISST和OSTIA的偏差分别为?1.170%和0.276%,融合试验产品整体偏差介于两种资料之间,反映了试验产品系统误差较小的良好特性。可见,融合方案能够满足实时业务需要,融合试验产品具有较高的质量。   相似文献   

冰核观测中两种滤膜采样方法的比较     

周德平  张晋广  陈刚  李成龙  洪也  苏航  王扬锋 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(5):49-55

大气冰核观测是研究自然冷云降水和人工影响天气的一项基础性工作,滤膜—扩散云室法是观测冰核浓度的主要方法之一。为检测分析两种滤膜采集方法对冰核观测结果的影响,2011—2015年用自制的大气颗粒物采样器和FA-3型撞击式9级采样器开展了平行采样试验,采集的滤膜样本均在同一静力扩散云室中进行冰核活化显现分析。结果表明：自制采样器较9级采样器观测的冰核浓度高数倍甚至数十倍,但两者随季节和不同气象条件的变化表现出一致的起伏特征。自制采样器适用于对大气中总的冰核浓度分布及理化特征研究;9级采样器适用于对PM₁₀中不同粒径段大气冰核浓度和尺度分布以及理化特征的研究。滤膜法对冰核数量的低估与采样体积成正比,改变采样器气泵的抽气流量和控制采样体积对改进“体积效应”影响均有明显效果。  相似文献   

2020年秋季海洋天气评述          下载免费PDF全文

孙舒悦  尹尽勇  张增海  柳龙生 《山东气象》2021,41(1):19-29

2020年秋季(9—11月)大气环流特征表现为,北半球极涡呈单极型分布,中高纬环流呈4波型。9—11月,欧亚大陆中高纬环流经向度不断加大,冷空气势力增强。西太平洋副热带高压较历史平均偏强,热带气旋活动频繁。我国近海出现了19次8级以上大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程6次,台风大风过程4次,入海气旋大风过程1次,冷空气与热带气旋共同影响的大风过程7次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程1次。西北太平洋和南海共生成13个热带气旋,其中10月共有7个热带气旋生成,追平10月热带气旋生成数的历史最高纪录;全球其他海域共生成热带气旋26个。我国近海未出现2 m以上大浪过程的天数仅有12 d,约占秋季总日数的13％。秋季,我国近海海域呈明显降温过程,北部海域的降温幅度明显大于南部海域,受连续北上影响我国北部海域的热带气旋活动影响,9月黄海东部及东海东部的海面温度较气候态明显偏低。  相似文献   

Testing a proposed new chronology for the Jasmund Glacitectonic Complex (SW Baltic Sea): No indication of incipient deformation during MIS 3     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Weichselian advances of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet have generated several glacitectonically deformed structures in the southwestern Baltic Sea area. One example is the 100 km² large Jasmund Glacitectonic Complex (JGC), which was formed proglacially and consists of two subparallel-orientated sets of composite ridges that represent a northern and southern structural complex. The two-part morphological structure of the JGC suggests a formation by two ice advances, one approaching from NE and one from SE direction. So far, this divided structure has been assumed to have been formed by short-time ice-front oscillations during an MIS 2 ice advance. However, based on their recently published ice dynamic model for MIS 3 and the available age data from Jasmund, lüthgens et al. (2020) propose a chronological reinterpretation of the JGC development, according to which two distinct ice advances during early and late MIS 3 formed the JGC. In order to test this novel stratigraphical model for the JGC formation, five OSL samples were taken from fluvial and lacustrine deposits at a key section near Glowe (NW Jasmund). The investigated succession is divided into pre-kinematic sediments, deposited before the glacitectonic deformation, and post-kinematic sediments, deposited after the deformation. Our results show that the youngest dated pre-tectonic sediment has a burial age between ∼40 and 34 ka, which rules out a glacitectonic deformation during an early MIS 3 ice advance (∼60–50 ka). In addition, by reviewing the existing age data set, a development of the JGC during an early and late MIS 3 advance of the SIS must be rejected. Instead, our data confirm the genesis of the JGC during MIS 2.  相似文献   

Origin and variability of resource-grade marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts in the Pacific Ocean: A review of biogeochemical and physical controls     

Philomène A. Verlaan  David S. Cronan 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2022,82(1):125741

Marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts containing Mn, Cu, Ni and Co in the most promising resource-grade concentrations and quantities, together with Fe and Zn (all elements of biogeochemical importance) are found far from land on the deep seafloor of the Pacific Ocean. The biogeochemical, chemical and physical mechanisms contributing to their formation, distribution, abundance and – for these six elements – variability in their concentrations in these deposits, are the main focus of the present review. The mechanisms addressed include biological productivity, sedimentation types and rates, bottom water characteristics, the Calcium Carbonate Compensation Depth, the depth and intensity of the oxygen minimum zone, and biogeochemical characteristics of the six focal elements. Particular attention is given to comparisons between the deposits found in the north and the south Pacific, in order to present an overarching view of our current understanding of the mechanisms that apply to both nodules and crusts in both oceanic hemispheres, including examination of the possible existence of a marine ferromanganese oxide continuum. The renewed interest in the commercial exploitation of these deposits has stimulated a welcome increase in scientific research that is essential to informing the public discourse on seabed mining. We briefly reflect on the work addressed in this review in that context.  相似文献   

基于Sentinel-1卫星数据的北极西北航道通航适宜性分析     

周雪飞  徐嘉  张绪冰 《冰川冻土》2022,44(1):117-132

北极西北航道对北极资源开发与世界贸易格局有重要影响。针对当前西北航道通航适宜性时空变化分析研究中时空分辨率低、时效性差等问题,利用2015—2019年每年9月及2019年8月1日至9月20日的Sentinel-1 SAR数据,基于k均值非监督分类方法反演了十米级高空间分辨率海冰密集度。通过长时序宏观跟踪和短时序精细分析西北航道全线通航窗口,并以70%的海冰密集度作为阈值,测算了西北航道经过重要海湾及海峡累计不可通航的次数。结果表明：西北航道的航情随冰情而变,通航能力尚不稳定。具体来说,西北航道的冰情呈现东轻西重、南轻北重的格局,不可通航节点个数东少西多、南少北多。2018年9月西北航道通航情况最差,高于可通航阈值的海冰覆盖面积占总航道面积的35.24%,共有10个不可通航节点。2016年和2019年9月的通航情况较好,阿蒙森湾—科罗内申湾—毛德皇后湾—维多利亚海峡—富兰克林海峡—皮尔海峡—巴罗海峡—兰开斯特海峡段航道（航道C）可实现全线通航。进一步通过小尺度时间窗口研究发现,西北航道的最佳通航窗口为8月下旬至9月上旬,期间共出现3条全线通航的航道;最佳通航路线为航道C,其连续通航时间长达30天。  相似文献